Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Otec Environmental Sciences Essay

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Otec Environmental Sciences Essay The oceans cover a little more than 70 percent of the earth surface. This makes it the worlds largest solar energy collector and energy storage system. On an average day, 60 million square kilometers if tropical seas absorb and amount of solar radiation equal in heat content to about 250 million barrels of oil. The history of mankind, have depended upon its ability to conquer the forces of nature, and to utilize these forces to serve its needs. Energy technology is certainly one of the most important factors in the emergence of mankind as the dominant species of this plant. The invention of the practical steam engine by James watt, brought about development of large factories, steam ships and the steam locomotive. First wood was used, then coal. About the same time, the use of coal instigated advances in metallurgy .petroleum from natural seepage has been used since ancient times for lighting, lubrication and waterproofing. The introduction of drilling for oil greatly increased the s upply of oil. The industrial revolution switches in to high gear. One problem is that the natural seepage is limited and in a few years the elements will be used. The development of nuclear power was touted as the answers to all mankinds energy woes. It not turned out that way. The elimination of government subsidies for nuclear power plants has made them quite unaffordable. When it went so bad no insure in the world will write disaster for nuclear power plant The concept of OTEC (ocean thermal energy conversion) has existed for over a century as fantasised by Jules Verne in 1870 and conceptualised by French physicist, Jacques arsene d arsonval in 1881. Despite this an operating OTEC power facility was not developed until the 1920s. 2.2 WHAT IS OTEC OTEC, ocean thermal energy conversion is an energy technology that converts solar radiation to electric power. OTEC systems use the oceans natural thermal gradient, consequently the temperature difference between the warm surface water and the cold deep water below 600 metres by about 20c, an OTEC system can produce, a significantly amount of power. The oceans are thus a vast renewable resource; with the potential to help us in the OTEC process is also rich in nutrients and it can be used to culture both marine organism and plant life near the shore or on land The total influx of solar energy into earth is of thousands of time as a great as mankind total energy use. All of our coal, oil and natural gas are the result of the capture of solar energy by life of the past. There have been, any projects for harnessing solar energy, but most have not been successful because they attempt to capture the energy directly. The idea behind OTEC is the use of all a natural collectors, the se, instead of artificial collector. 2.3 HOW OTEC WORKS Warm water is collected on the surface of the tropical ocean and pumped by a warm water pump. The water is pumped through the boiler, where some of the water is used to heat the working fluid, usually propane or some similar material. The propane vapour expands through a turbine which is coupled to a generator that generating electric power. Cold water from the bottom is pumped through the condenser, where the vapour returns to the liquid state. The fluid is pumped back into the boiler. Some small fraction of the power from the turbine is used to pump the water through the system and to power other internal operations, but most of it is available as net power. There are two different kinds of OTEC power plants, the land based and the floating plant. First, land based power plants, the land based pilot plant will consist of a building. This building will contain the heat exchangers, turbines, generators and controls. It will be connected to the ocean via several pipes, and an enormous fish farm (100 football areas) by other pipes. Warm water is collected through a screened enclosure close to the store. A long pipe laid on the slope collects cold water. Power and fresh water are generated in the building by the equipment. Used water if first circulated in to the marine culture pond (fish farm) and then discharges by the third pipe in to the ocean, downstream from the warm water inlet. This is done so that the outflow does not reenter the plan, since re use of warm water would lower the available temperature difference. While, the other OTEC power plants is floating power plants, the floating power plant works in the same way as the land base d the apparent different is that the floating plant is floating. Where actually OTEC can be used, OTEC can be sited anywhere across about 60 million squares kilometres of tropical oceans anywhere there is deep cold water lying under warm surface water this generally means between the tropic of cancer and the tropic of Capricorn. Surface water is these regions, warmed by the sun, generally stys at 25 degrees Celsius or above. Ocean water more than 1000 meters below the surface is generally at about 4 degrees C. 2.4 TYPES OF OTEC There are three types of OTEC designs: open cycle, closed cycle and hybrid cycle. Closed cycle Closed cycle systems use fluid with a low boiling point, such as ammonia, to rotate a turbine to generate electricity. Here how it works. Warm surface sea water is pumped through a heat exchanger where the low boiling water point is vaporized. The expanding vapour turns the turbo generator, then clod, deep seawater pumped through a second heat exchanger condenses the vapour back into a liquid, which is then recycle through the system Open cycle Open cycle OTEC uses the tropical oceans warm surface water to make electricity. When warm seawater is placed in a low pressure container, it boils. The expanding steam drives a low pressure turbine attached to an electrical generator. The steam, which has left its slat behind in the low pressure container, is almost pure fresh water. It is condensed back into a liquid by exposure to cold temperature from deep oceans water Hybrid cycle Hybrid system combines the feature of both the closed cycle an open cycle system. In a hybrid system, warm seawater enters a vacuum chamber where it is flash evaporated into steam, similar to the open cycle evaporation process. The steam vaporizes a low boiling point fluid that drives a turbine to produce electricity 2.5 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF OTEC The advantages of OTEC is the uses OF OTEC is clean, renewable, its natural resource. Warm surface seawater and cold water from the ocean depths replace fossil fuels to produce electricity. Second, its suitably designed OTEC plants will produce little or no carbon dioxide or other pollutant chemical Third, OTEC system can produce fresh water as well as electricity. This is a significant adapted in island areas where fresh water is limited, other there is enough solar energy received and stored in the warm tropical oceans surface layer to provide most, if not all, of present human energy needs and last the use of OTEC as a source of electricity will help reduce the state almost complete dependence on imported fossil fuels. The disadvantages of OTEC is produced electric at present would cost more than electricity generated from fossil fuels at theirs current costs. Second, OTEC plants must be located were a difference of about 20;c occurs year round. Ocean depths must be available fairly close to shore based facilities for economics operation. Floating plant ships could provide more flexibility. Third, there is no energy company will put money in this project because it only has been tested in very smell scale and last, the construction of OTEC plants and lying of pipes in coastal water may cause localised damage to reefs and near shore marine ecosystems. 2.6 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF OTEC OTEC systems are, for the most part, environmentally benign. Although accidental leakage of closed cycle working fluids can pose a hazard, under normal conditions, the only effluents are the mixed seawater discharges and dissolved gases that come out of solution when sea water is depressurized. Although the quantities of outgassed species may be significant for large OTEC systems, with the exception of carbon dioxide, these species are benign. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas and can impact global climate; however, OTEC systems release one or two orders of magnitude less carbon dioxide than comparable fossil fuel power plants and those emissions may be sequestered easily in the ocean or used to stimulate marine biomass production. OTEC mixed seawater discharges will be at lower temperatures than sea water at the ocean surface. The discharges will also contain high concentrations of nutrients brought up with the deep sea water and may have a different salinity. It is important; ther efore, that release back into the ocean is conducted in a manner that minimizes unintended changes to the ocean mixed layer biota and avoids inducing long-term surface temperature anomalies. Analyses of OTEC effluent plumes suggest that discharge at depths of 50-100 m should be sufficient to ensure minimal impact on the ocean environment. Conversely, the nutrient-rich OTEC discharges could be exploited to sustain open-ocean Mari culture

Criteria for Performance Evaluation Essay -- Human Resource Management

Introduction Human resource policies and procedures are the most important aspects of developing acceptable organizational behavior in an organization. This is because mutual well-being, confidence, trust, and intelligence of all members of the organization determines the success of the organization hence the need to pay critical attention to it. The mid-sized manufacturing plant’s engineer hired for the modification of the plant had positive job performance credentials but poor interpersonal relations and tidiness at work place. This situation put the plant manager in a difficult position when it came to developing a well outline assessment of the engineer. Criteria for Performance Evaluation The three sets of performance evaluation mechanisms that brought concerns for the manager and the employee in the current evaluation structure included poor relationships with co-workers, personal characteristics, and behavior. These points of concern were particularly causing friction between the manager since the employee maintained that his performance was above reproach and produced results. However, despite the engineer’s concerns, the three most commonly used assessment criteria are behavior, performance standards, and skills and competency (Mayhew, 2010). Skills and competency refer to the solid technical knowledge an employee applies in accomplishing tasks. The ability to perform tasks for which one was hired and to meet organizational objectives set for him is fundamental in performance evaluation. Performance standards refer to what an employee must do to meet the manager’s expectations and normally include how proactive an employee is in handling his wo rk (Mayhew, 2010). The behavior of an employee is crucial bec... ...the use of external mechanisms on specific roles played by different employees. External evaluators minimize the impact of biases; promote strict professionalism and promotion of assessment by members of a similar profession, as well as the promotion of employee confidence in the organizations intentions. Works Cited Anonymous. (2009). Performance Appraisal Biases. Retrieved May 30, 2012, from Management Study Guide: http://managementstudyguide.com/performance-appraisal-bias.htm Kelchner, L., & Media, D. (2011). Three Common Performance Evaluation Methods. Retrieved May 30, 2012, from Small Business: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/three-common-performance-evaluation-methods-23608.html Mayhew, R. (2010). Job Performance Evaluation Criteria. Retrieved May 30, 2012, from e-How Money: http://www.ehow.com/info_8083608_job-performance-evaluation-criteria.html Criteria for Performance Evaluation Essay -- Human Resource Management Introduction Human resource policies and procedures are the most important aspects of developing acceptable organizational behavior in an organization. This is because mutual well-being, confidence, trust, and intelligence of all members of the organization determines the success of the organization hence the need to pay critical attention to it. The mid-sized manufacturing plant’s engineer hired for the modification of the plant had positive job performance credentials but poor interpersonal relations and tidiness at work place. This situation put the plant manager in a difficult position when it came to developing a well outline assessment of the engineer. Criteria for Performance Evaluation The three sets of performance evaluation mechanisms that brought concerns for the manager and the employee in the current evaluation structure included poor relationships with co-workers, personal characteristics, and behavior. These points of concern were particularly causing friction between the manager since the employee maintained that his performance was above reproach and produced results. However, despite the engineer’s concerns, the three most commonly used assessment criteria are behavior, performance standards, and skills and competency (Mayhew, 2010). Skills and competency refer to the solid technical knowledge an employee applies in accomplishing tasks. The ability to perform tasks for which one was hired and to meet organizational objectives set for him is fundamental in performance evaluation. Performance standards refer to what an employee must do to meet the manager’s expectations and normally include how proactive an employee is in handling his wo rk (Mayhew, 2010). The behavior of an employee is crucial bec... ...the use of external mechanisms on specific roles played by different employees. External evaluators minimize the impact of biases; promote strict professionalism and promotion of assessment by members of a similar profession, as well as the promotion of employee confidence in the organizations intentions. Works Cited Anonymous. (2009). Performance Appraisal Biases. Retrieved May 30, 2012, from Management Study Guide: http://managementstudyguide.com/performance-appraisal-bias.htm Kelchner, L., & Media, D. (2011). Three Common Performance Evaluation Methods. Retrieved May 30, 2012, from Small Business: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/three-common-performance-evaluation-methods-23608.html Mayhew, R. (2010). Job Performance Evaluation Criteria. Retrieved May 30, 2012, from e-How Money: http://www.ehow.com/info_8083608_job-performance-evaluation-criteria.html

Romeo: Static Character

Throughout the play we see that Romeo’s impulsive decisions land him in onerous situations. His capricious behavior is demonstrated through his rash love when he immediately moves on, without remorse or second thoughts, from Rosaline to Juliet whom he falls in love with instantly after laying eyes on her. Prior to seeing Juliet, Romeo talks about his infatuation with Rosaline, and the torment he suffers when he finds she does not love him back. Upon searching for her at the Capulet’s party, sees Juliet, when he says, â€Å"Did my heart love till now?Forswear it, sight! For I ne’er saw true beauty till this night,† (i. V. 51). His immediate transition between lovers proves that his love for Juliet was impulsive and irrational. When Romeo hears of Juliet’s death, he says to himself, â€Å"Well Juliet, I will lie with thee tonight. Let’s see for means. † (V. i. 34). His first thought is that if Juliet is dead, he must dies too. Without co nsidering any other options or going to Friar Laurence for further details, he acts on a whim and kills himself, when in reality Juliet isn’t actually dead.These actions prove Romeo as a static character because throughout the course of the play, when his love for Juliet ignites, comes to an end, and in other situations, Romeo does not think his decisions through and acts on impulse. Romeo is in love with the idea of being in love. Instead of using his head, Romeo only defines love with his eyes and heart. When it comes to emotions, Romeo is ardent about being in love. Because he unconditionally loves many characters throughout the play, it causes major conflicts.This makes him static because during the play he always lets love, and other emotions, get in the way and never learns from his mistakes. When Tybalt wants a duel Romeo says, â€Å"To such a greeting. Villain am I none,† (III. i. 63) and backs down. After Tybalt starts to insult Romeo, Mercutio gets in between them and is then killed by Tybalt. â€Å"Now, Tybalt, take the ‘villain’ back again that late thou gav’st me; for Mercutio’s soul,† (III. i. 125) Romeo bellows before he stabs Tybalt.Because Romeo loves his friend, he lets his emotions take over and without thinking through his actions, carries them out no matter the consequences. To further prove that this is a static behavior, when Romeo goes to see the Friar and tells him about his love for Juliet the Friar says, â€Å"Women may fall, when there’s no strength in men. † (II. iii. 76) By this the Friar means that *women can be excused for being weak, since mean are not stronger. * This has happened to Romeo many times, and this makes him weak and irresponsible when it comes to love.

Perception or how one is perceived gives an impression of...

Perception or how one is perceived gives an impression of influential characteristics to share empowerment, mentorship, trustworthiness and consistency. On the other hand, false assumptions can be made determining the body language or mood swing of an individual. The facts are that no one person’s emotions are the same every day, all day. Through actions, body language, and manner of speaking, individuals attempt to influence the perceptions that others have of them. The attempt to influence others’ perceptions of oneself has been called impression management. Managers manage impressions of themselves by how they talk their overall style, their office location and furniture and even by the individuals they select as employees (Bethel†¦show more content†¦63). The editor in this case study had a chance to speak with Bill on another occasion. Bill was more relaxed this time; he was at ease with his conversation. Instead of him sitting behind his desk in a more dominant role, Bill decided to speak with the editor in a face to face conversation while sitting in the other visitor’s chair. It appeared that Bill was not always in a take charge mind set, however, he knew how to differentiate between being serious and supportive. As we began to accept people for who they are it creates an environment of creativeness, trust, respect and openness. An individual’s experiences values, beliefs, through habits and interests shape our worldview and create our own unique set of filters (Bethel, 2011). For instance, the editor was able to add value to his own office by rearranging his furniture to modify his management style. What works for one, can work for another individual. The case writer pays close attention to detail, he is willing to be of service, and he was patient and a good listener. The moral of the story is that each individual person mood elevator travels depending on the occurrence. 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Relationship Between Leadership And Organizational Culture

Relationship Between Leadership and Organizational Culture The team manager often talks with the team about her beliefs in constant personal improvement and high productivity so that her team can stand out and have an excellent resume’ when they are ready and willing to move into a different role at Humana. She encourages the team to learn about the many different areas of the company and focus on where they would like to go inside the company. The culture of this organization is fast-paced and highly competitive. There is competition between the different teams within Humana at Home as well as within the individual team itself. The team members are constantly striving to be on the top of the daily and weekly rankings for who had the most successful calls as well as call attempts. This competitive spirit is heavily driven and encouraged by the team manger. Everyday, she announces to her team where the team fell in place within Humana at Home, as well as the Stay Healthy program. If the team drops below #5 at any time, a team meeting is called to discuss why there was a drop in productivity and numbers. This, in turn creates a determination among the team to be â€Å"the best†. Also, the daily individual rankings of the team members are announced, as long as a person is in the top 10. If a member of the team falls into the bottom 25% of personal health coaches, a one-on-one meeting is held with the team manager to discuss different reasons for the lack of productivity as well asShow MoreRelatedThe Relationship Between Organizational Culture And Leadership Essay1423 Words   |  6 PagesThe Relationship Between Organizational Culture and Leadership Organizational culture is a set of rules and standards; it through its words, relationships and gestures to guide the behavior of its members, and the leadership is to predict the future, to cultivate the behavior of the followers. 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The Fayetteville Police Department Commission On...

The Fayetteville Police Department received State Certification in 1998 and received certification with The Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies (C.A.L.E.A.) on March 23, 2002 (__). The purpose of state certification, is to help law enforcement agencies calculate and improve their performance. The Fayetteville Police Department received certification from the Georgia Association of Chiefs of Police (GPAC). Agency certification of the GACP, is a program that identifies a set of standards that are felt to be essential to law enforcement agencies. While some standards do not apply to all agencies, the standards provide a detailed blueprint that police agencies should strive towards to be more professional. The purpose of the C.A.L.E.A. is to improve law enforcement agency services by presenting a body of standards for law enforcement practitioners. Since the creation of the program, the program has become a primary method for a police department to voluntary demonst rate their commitment to excellence in law enforcement. Most major law enforcement agencies, governmental agencies, educational and training institutions, acknowledge CALEA’s standards and accreditation programs as a benchmark for professional law enforcement agencies (Law Enforcement Accreditation, 2010). CALEA accreditation requires that a police agency develop a set of written directives that will provide direction to officers and reach administrative and operational goals. The goals of CALEA

King Lear Argumentative Essay Example For Students

King Lear Argumentative Essay King Lear EssayShakespeare has written dozens of plays and in each one he has included some of the most complex characters ever put on stage. Hamlet, Othello, and Macbeth are just a few examples of these great characters that will always remain in our memories. However, standing beside the complex main characters in plays such as King Lear and Hamlet, there are secondary characters of equal, if not greater complexity. In King Lear, secondary characters such as Edmund, Edgar, and Cordelia are directly responsible many of the extreme changes that occur during the play and it is their complexity as human characters that allows them to do this. The many antagonists that have appeared in Shakespeares plays have always been fairly rounded and complex. However, Edmund is one of the most complex villains in any of Shakespeares plays. For one thing, Edmund chose to become a villain because the world sees him as being worthless, not only because he is not in line for the title of Earl of Gloucester, but also because he is a bastard. Most villains in Shakespeares plays are villains from the beginning to the end. Edmund sees himself as an equal to his brother Edgar and wishes that his father also understand this. By plotting against the livelihood against his own father and brother, Edgar not only wishes to gain the wealth and title that come with the Earl of Gloucester, but he also seeks respect. Shakespeare has given Edmund a method behind his madness. As the play progresses, Edmund sees the kingdom collapsing and instead of helping to put in back together, as Cordelia, Edgar, and Kent are doing, he tries to consolidate power int o his own hands. After Cornwall dies, he takes command of the armies and defeats the French invading army. He has illicit affairs with Regan and Goneril, who are married. The result of these affairs causes the two sisters to become overwhelming jealous, and in the end, we find out that Regan poisoned Goneril in order to have Edmund to herself. If Edmund had not been killed in the end, he would have taken power and ruled the kingdom. However, Edgar does kill him after realizing that it was he who caused the death of his father. We see the greatest complexity in Edgar before he dies before when he proclaims The wheel comes full circle; L am here. Edmund shows us that he understands that he is back in his place as a disrespected bastard with his brother over him. The two main protagonists in King Lear are Cordelia and Edgar. These two characters are almost as complex as Edmund, with their goodness as the only anchor to further complexity. Both characters attempt to save the kingdom in their own ways: Cordelia, by invading with a French army to crush the power of her sisters, and Edgar by seeking to overturn the power of the current rulers from the inside. Both characters begin as nave, even ignorant. Cordelia does not realize how serious Lear is being when he asks What can you say to draw a third more opulent than your sisters? and because of this, she is banished. Shakespeare presents Edgar as a nave scholar who falls completely for Edmunds lies in making him believe that he has somehow offended his father. However, both characters change by the end of the play. Cordelia boldly invades her homeland with foreign troops to save her father and friends. She becomes an ideological knight in shining armor. Unfortunately, she fails, probably because she went about trying save the kingdom in the wrong way. An Elizabethan audience would probably have taken offense to a French army conquering any kingdom, imaginary or real. However, Edgar does succeed, and becomes Earl of Gloucester as a man, instead of a clueless scholar. The experience he has gained from the recent conflict provides a further complexity into his character that goes beyond the play and into the audiences imagination. We can only imagine the benefits the new kingdom will gain with Edgar as a major proponent of it. .ub6783f8bd055fac37ffe6ec2b6592236 , .ub6783f8bd055fac37ffe6ec2b6592236 .postImageUrl , .ub6783f8bd055fac37ffe6ec2b6592236 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub6783f8bd055fac37ffe6ec2b6592236 , .ub6783f8bd055fac37ffe6ec2b6592236:hover , .ub6783f8bd055fac37ffe6ec2b6592236:visited , .ub6783f8bd055fac37ffe6ec2b6592236:active { border:0!important; } .ub6783f8bd055fac37ffe6ec2b6592236 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub6783f8bd055fac37ffe6ec2b6592236 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub6783f8bd055fac37ffe6ec2b6592236:active , .ub6783f8bd055fac37ffe6ec2b6592236:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub6783f8bd055fac37ffe6ec2b6592236 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub6783f8bd055fac37ffe6ec2b6592236 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub6783f8bd055fac37ffe6ec2b6592236 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub6783f8bd055fac37ffe6ec2b6592236 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub6783f8bd055fac37ffe6ec2b6592236:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub6783f8bd055fac37ffe6ec2b6592236 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub6783f8bd055fac37ffe6ec2b6592236 .ub6783f8bd055fac37ffe6ec2b6592236-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub6783f8bd055fac37ffe6ec2b6592236:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Cider House Rules EssayThe complexity of Shakespeares characters, especially in King Lear, can easily pass for real people whose experiences have been captured and processed into a play.