Training circuit Essay Example for Free

Preparing circuit Essay The chart beneath shows my heartrate from week 1-3 of my preparation circuit. As should be obvious the principal thing I did was to take my resting beat rate, this was to go about as a standard so I could turn out to be the manner by which rapidly my pulse recuperates after I complete the circuit. As should be obvious the resting beat is conflicting all through this is on the grounds that half a month I did some activity before I gauged my heartbeat rate. I am satisfied with the consequences of my pulse as it shows that I have gotten fitter over the time I have been doing my circuits. I know this in light of the fact that every week I have a quicker recuperation rate Week 4-6 outcomes are diverse to week 1-3 as in week 4-6 we were doing the circuit twice so this implied my heart beat was clearly higher after I finished the circuit as I had worked more diligently. Something to be thankful for about proposals results is that it shows my wellness has improved from week 4-6 and it shows my circuit was a success After each instructional meeting I recorded how I thought the circuit went. I recorded the manner in which I felt after every meeting and what I figured I could enhance whenever I did the circuit. The following are the outcomes: Week 1 On the entire thinking about it was the first occasion when I had done the circuit, I thought week one worked out in a good way. I was satisfied with my run start results yet I figured I could have improved on the stepping stools. The beneficial thing that came out of this meeting was that it featured that there was opportunity to get better. I was in general satisfied with my general execution. Week 2 I felt I had improved from a week ago and this was obvious from my outcomes. The one thing I was frustrated with was my press ups, as my score had brought down by 5 from the earlier week. The thing I figured Id done the best on was the Illinois test as I thumped a moment of my past outcome. I was likewise satisfied that I figured out how to enhance the stepping stools as I got 31 contrasted with 22 a week ago. One week from now I want to enhance press ups. Week 3 I wasnt excessively satisfied with my presentation as I believed I hadnt truly improved from the last time I did the circuit. In spite of the fact that I figured out how to improve my score on the sit ups and skipping I neglected to enhance different stations. One week from now I would like to improve my presentation on all the stations in spite of the fact that I understand I should take on a steady speed as I need to do the circuit twice one week from now. Week 4 This week I did my circuit twice this implied my outcomes probably won't have been in the same class as the earlier weeks in light of the additional activity included , it likewise implied that I needed to take on a steady speed. The first run through around I was satisfied with how I performed and I really figured out how to enhance my outcomes from the earlier week in most of stations. The main issue was that after the first run through round I was worn out so I new this would impact my exhibition on the subsequent circuit lap. The second time around I thought I performed well on specific stations which didnt include a lot of physical exercise, for example, the co-appointment test yet not all that great on truly requesting station. One week from now I will attempt to improve my outcomes on the second time I do the circuit. Week 5 I felt for the current week worked out positively and I thought it was my best execution as I figured out how to get a portion of my best outcomes so far on most of the stations. I was particularly satisfied with my outcomes on the skipping as I beat my past scores .The second time I did the circuit I felt it worked out in a good way as I figured out how to show signs of improvement results than the earlier week. This indicated I have improved throughout the weeks and my endurance has improved. One week from now will be my last seven day stretch of doing the circuit along these lines I will attempt my hardest to better the entirety of my past outcomes. Week 6 I was satisfied in the manner I acted in this week and it featured the amount I had improved in the course of recent weeks. In all the stations I did ,I had enhanced the outcomes from the primary week. Subsequent to finishing the circuit I was satisfied with the degree of exertion I had placed in and furthermore the amount I had improved. Assessment I applied over-burden and movement into my circuit by expanding the time and power of which I did each station. Over-burden is a key thing required in the preparation circuit, as when you are in your limit you are working at your best so you are well on the way to improve. By applying movement it makes my body work to its maximum capacity, I will apply movement by expanding the measure of times I do the circuit beginning with once per week at that point advancing to two times per week. This will improve my wellness by making my body work more enthusiastically. I trust I picked the correct stations so as to improve my football abilities and wellness. I trust I adjusted my stations well as some were intended to improve my wellness and others were intended to improve my aptitude. I believe I could have maybe placed more stations into my circuit and this would have assisted with improving my wellness further, as I just had 10 stations, where I could have had 12. I felt anyway that the stations picked were the correct ones and were the best to assist me with accomplishing my objective. If I somehow happened to transform anything I would have managed without the Stalk Stand , as I didnt feel it helped and furthermore my outcomes on this station didnt improve all through the a month and a half. Something to be thankful for about my circuit was that it was anything but difficult to oversee in the manner that it was anything but difficult to set up, record and to play out .This was on the grounds that I had done heaps of arranging before I started my circuit so I new precisely what I was doing bit by bit. Recording my outcomes wasnt actually an issue as I had just arranged how I was going to record each station and even made forecasts with regards to how I would perform on each station . One of the primary reactions of my circuit was that I don't trust it was in the right request and I wish I had set aside more effort to structure it before hand. An issue with not having stations organized appropriately was that I got drained rapidly as I had stepping stools before step ups and by and by this was an awful choice as these were two truly requesting undertakings. What I ought to have done was to put a less truly requesting station between the two and by doing this I would have given myself to a greater extent a rest. I would likewise have had the option to find a steady speed better creation sure I got the most ideal scores on each station. All in all I accept my circuit worked out in a good way, as I suspected it was at the correct level in contrast with my wellness. It was essential to make my circuit at the correct level as though it had been too simple then it wouldnt have made me work in my edge, in this manner it would have been impossible that I would have improved my wellness. Additionally on the off chance that I had made my circuit too hard it would have implied that I would have been significantly bound to get a physical issue and furthermore I wouldnt have had the option to proceed also at each station. I enjoyed finishing my preparation circuit as I appreciate staying in shape. I accept this was one of the fundamental reasons my preparation circuit was fruitful as when you appreciate accomplishing something you put more exertion into it. I believed I pushed myself as far as possible on each station of my circuit. I know this in view of how I felt genuinely and my outcomes demonstrated it as they show my wellness has improved over the multi week time frame. By and large I am satisfied with the manner in which I finished the preparation circuit and I am satisfied with my outcomes.

Account for the economic development of the Tokugawa period Essay

Record for the financial advancement of the Tokugawa time frame - Essay Example Japan had an exceptionally temperamental history with times of common wars and very little advancement. The nation was partitioned with poor formative advancement. In any case, the situation was significantly modified after Tokugawa Ieyasu assumed control over the nation. He accommodated a fresh start throughout the entire existence of Japan. The period during which he governed was known as the Tokugawa time frame. It was likewise alluded to as the Edo time frame in light of the fact that the capital of the nation was moved to Edo after Ieyasu dominated. The Tokugawa time frame was a time of modernization, extension and progress for the nation and subsequently was additionally given the name of the Modern Period. This period went on for roughly more than two centuries. It began from 1603and finished in 1868. During this whole scene the nation was administered by Tokugawa and afterward his family and henceforth the whole stage was given the name of the Tokugawa time frame. In the Tokugawa time frame, there was not much mechanical development in the nation but rather the economy of the nation prospered. In this period Japan confined itself from the remainder of the world which can be a purpose behind its lesser mechanical advances. This period established the frameworks for today’s financially stable Japan. This period was a brilliant time. The number of inhabitants in the nation stayed steady for these over two centuries. As per a first populace accord which was directed in 1720 the number of inhabitants in the nation was thirty million which stayed nearly the equivalent during the whole time frame. It has been seen that currently Japan relies extraordinarily on imports from different nations especially for food and vitality. Be that as it may, in the Tokugawa time frame Japan was extremely independent in the entirety of its assets. In spite of the fact that Japan isn't wealthy in regular assets however it was found in the late Modern Period tha t salt was delivered from coal and still there was no lack of the petroleum derivatives. Reasons that have been accommodated this are a direct result of the disengagement from the remainder of the world, there was an acknowledgment

15 Words That are Dumbing You Down

15 Words That are Dumbing You Down Actions speak louder than words, right?Until you get judged by the kind of words you use in your speech. Or writing.Just as you know that words are powerful enough to hurt or heal, they make a strong impression of you.When you choose to use certain words or phrases to express yourself, you are not merely expressing your thoughts. You are making yourself known to your listeners or readers. It is therefore important to take note of your choice of words.Some words are more commonly used in informal settings and they fit well in those environments. But in formal settings, you will do well to avoid those words.Although this is quite obvious, it really isn’t, at least going by the number of people using informal words in a formal setting. This happens because these words easily become your go-to vocabulary after hearing them over and over.There is however a serious danger in this. You risk being labeled as dumb. Yes, with all your education and skills, you can still attract that title.Wh at’s more, your career can take a downward turn since you won’t come across as someone serious enough to handle more demanding work.So, if you’re interested in that promotion, growing your career, networking with more learned and experienced people in your industry, then drop these words. These words do a good job at dumbing you down in the face of the people who matter.1. IrregardlessThis word is not only common, but it’s also increasing in popularity. And what’s the problem with it?It sounds wrong. And it probably would have been, only that a Merrian-Webster lexicographer made a case for it. It is not a very strong case anyway and she advises that people should use the more acceptable regardless.This word gets a lot of bashing for being incorrect and the oxford dictionary considers it non-standard. When you use the word irregardless, you most likely mean regardless. You probably thought it was just similar to, especially as far as the prefix is concerned, the word irresp ective.The meaning is supposed to be the same but your audience will not forgive you for its use. They will just see you as uneducated or ignorant. And for that reason, you are better off avoiding the word altogether.Stick to either regardless or alternate to irrespective.2. StuffYou may be using this word to refer to many related things when you are not giving specifics. And as valid as you think that usage is, it spells doom for you.When you say This free E-book will teach you lots of stuff about marketing, you sound like an amateur marketer in need of email addresses. If what you want is to get people’s email addresses, then don’t use the word stuff.Being so casual, this word shows that the material you are offering has no real value. It is only full of generalities. If you want to sell or promote your work and get something valuable (money, email addresses etc) in return, tell your customers exactly what they will get.Are you giving advice on how to improve sales? Give a lis t of steps that your book discusses. Showing people how to make money online? Tell them your book discusses the challenges, the market, the procedures etc. Whatever you do, be specific and don’t say stuff.3. Honestly / To be honestThis is a really bad one and you should avoid it. You may think you are being diplomatic in using this when about to say something possibly hurtful but you’re wrong. The effect is quite negative.Using the word honestly or the words to be honest implies that all along, you have not been honest. You have been trying to be friendly by hiding crucial information but have now decided to be sincere.If that is the case, then go ahead and ensure you explain yourself well enough. If that is not the case, make the effort to avoid using the word.Something else that comes up here is the oft-made claim that you can avoid giving your friend some information so as not to hurt them. This only applies to children. They are the ones who cannot handle some information.Bu t if you are talking to an adult, you better look for a way of telling them the important information you have concerning them. To understand why, put yourself in their shoes and imagine something terrible happening to you. You fail to prevent it because you never knew about it, only to later learn that your friend knew something about it.Would you be sure that the person is really your friend?4. OopsyThis is a diminutive form of oops. Funny enough, it is longer than the original form despite being intended to be the smaller version. That’s one reason it is weird. A bigger reason to stop using it is that it is too informal and sounds rather careless.You know that when you mistakenly spill a drink you automatically say oops, followed by sorry. But if you were to say oopsy, you stop indicating it was a mistake and imply that it could have been utter carelessness.This word has a tone of playfulness in it and that makes it a bad choice for starting an apology. Whether you have said th e wrong words or made the wrong turn on the road, you will come out as mature when you simply say sorry.5. Amazing / AwesomeAs words used to describe something great and worth checking out, these two words have been overused for a long time. And more people are still using them. The overuse casts doubt on what is being said.If everything everywhere is amazing and awesome, it becomes doubtful that anything really is.Think about it. If there are three events being promoted on TV and all of them are said to be amazing, which one stands out? Which one of the three promotions will convince you to attend? Probably none.And unless you are just looking for a way of spending time in things you are not sure about, you will not attend any of them.Why?It is doubtful that any of them will deliver value. Anyone trying to sell something uses these words and as such, the weight of the words is reduced. If you use them, you will get banded together with those who use them to sell non-valuable materi al.And what happens to such people? They get avoided.6. Nope and YupIs everything ok? Yup. Did the client raise any questions? Nope.None of these responses sound good. Especially if you are responding to someone above you in rank. These words show disrespect for the person you’re responding to. They make you sound as though you care little about the conversation you are having.If you care about what you are talking about, give it sufficient attention. That means you will give relevant explanations and offer any important information. And that cannot happen if you start your response with these words. It just sounds off the mark.The use of these words is too casual for a respectable person to use. Although they may have been popularized by informal communication among friends, they need to remain in those circlesâ€"if at all they must be used.If the answer you are giving is in the affirmative, just say yes. If it’s in the negative, stick to no. Anything else will work against you r best interests. You will reduce your prospects of landing a better job, connecting with the right people or even signing that much-needed deal.7. Always“Is this a bad word to use?” you may ask.The word itself is not bad but the idea it paints is often a wrong one.Always means all the time and that is where the problem comes in. If you are delivering a speech to investors or a technical team and use this word, you are saying that there are no exceptions. What you are explaining happens exactly the way you are saying it does. And it never changes. Possibly never will.That is where the problem lies.You open yourself up to being challenged. You put your speech or copy in the firing line. You are basically saying that no-one can disprove your statements because they refer to what happens all the time.If the people who are listening to you are smart or experienced enough, they will know that you are exaggerating. Even if you have the figures to back up your statements, are you sure about the future?When you say always, you are giving an assurance that you most likely cannot guarantee.For example, you may be talking to investors about an investment opportunity. When you say that the returns are always high, have you considered potential limitations? Are you being unrealistically positive?When you say that something, especially something good, always happens, someone who is keen enough will take your speech to be mere hype. It is more like the interpretation of the words amazing and awesome.Before someone interjects or just ignores your idea, stop promising what you can’t deliver by using this word. Tone down your communication and be more realistic. It is better to get unexpectedly higher returns than expect more only to get less or nothing.8. WhateverThis word gets much use in referring to something either entirely unknown or not fully understood. But that’s not the problem. The problem comes with the usage as a response to someone’s question or statemen t. In that usage, saying whatever actually means you don’t care.Did someone say something and your reply was “whatever?” Was a colleague explaining his point in an argument and you said “whatever?”What you really said is that you didn’t care what they were talking about. It didn’t matter to you. And do you know what that means?It means that you are proud. Other people’s opinions are simply not good enough for you to try and understand. As long as they did not agree with your perspective, then you are not ready to spend time to understand them.9. LikeThis is not the “Like” used on Facebook to express approval for a post. Neither is it the use of the word in making comparisons. For example, someone might drive like his father. Or cook well like a professional. Those usages are correct but what is not is slightly different.“How do you, like, manage to pass without studying at the last minute?”“Where do you, like, buy your clothes?”The use of the word like in these examples make it a filler word. A filler word fills a gap. They indicate a pause while also signifying that the speaker has not finished speaking. When using them, you are simply taking a moment to think of the best way of saying what you want to say.Is that a bad thing?Yes, filler words ruin your credibility. They simple shout from the rooftops that you aren’t sure of what you are saying. Or you were never prepared for the speech in the first place.Don’t get this wrong though. Filler words have their place in speeches. Even professional speakers use them and they get celebrated.However, you could end up misusing them when you no longer stay in control of them. Filler words come almost naturally and they help you arrange and re-arrange your thoughts in your mind before speaking them out.When used properly, filler words help you deliver your speech perfectly but when you overuse them, you land into trouble.When you, um, say that you ah, kind of, prefer speaking, to, you kn ow, writing, you also portray yourself as lacking in confidence. Confident people know what they want and they say it well. If they use filler words, and they usually do, they will be minimal.If filler words are filling up your prose, then it’s time for some work. Since this happens unconsciously, you may not realize it until someone tells you. Now that you have read about it, start checking your words.This needs some work so embrace the journey.10. Each and EveryThis is one place where the need to emphasize causes repetition. Minus the need for emphasis, no sentence will lose meaning simply because there is no each and every in it. Consider the below three sentences.Each and every one of you should register for this course.Each one of you should register for this course.Every one of you should register for this course.Do you see what each and every does to your sentences? It makes it unnecessarily lengthy and adds a dumbing repetition. When you say “each one” or “every oneâ €, the meaning comes out clearly enough. If what you want is to emphasize, then look for other ways of doing it and avoid repetition. This repetition implies a lack of sufficient vocabulary. And that is not a good thing.As an example, you can implement emphasis by shifting attention from the people you are addressing and putting it on the course. You could say, “This course offers useful knowledge for anyone desiring to advance in their career in business management.” This will communicate the importance of taking the course.11. Due to the fact thatThis is another phrase which seeks to put emphasis on something. You often use this when trying to convince people about something. To back your statements, you use some evidence as the foundation of your premise.For example, you could say “Due to the fact that math is essential in engineering, everyone must attain at least a pass.” What if you instead said, “Since math is essential in engineering, everyone must attain at least a pass?”Do you see the unnecessary repetition? Math being essential in engineering is a fact. When you add due to the fact, it is as though your audience is doubting the fact. You are therefore restating it so they believe it. But do they doubt that math is essential in engineering?Generally speaking, words and phrases are dumbing because they are either informal yet being used in formal settings, or they are too common. They could also be too simplistic, especially if used in professional talk where particular jargon is expected.There are adjectives which paint a better picture of what you want to communicate as opposed to many other simple words. This calls for an improvement of your vocabulary. For example, instead of saying you were extremely happy, you could say you were ecstatic.12. KindaHere is one informal word that casually finds its way into formal speech. Instead of saying kind of, you say kinda. Yet that is not all. The bigger problem lies in the location of the word in a sentence and its intended meaning.This word is used to describe something which you don’t have the right words for. You may be trying to describe something that was bad but not ugly. Since you don’t know which word to use, you end up saying “It looked kinda ugly”.What you are really saying is that it was ugly but not really ugly. So what did it look like? If you are to communicate well, you need to build your vocabulary. And note that this does not mean you go after the big words. Using big words is not an indicator of you being smarter. It could in fact have the opposite effect.In business and other formal settings, communication is meant to pass a message. Your language should therefore be simple and grammatically correct. Your vocabulary comes in to assist you in your efforts to be accurate.You vocabulary is useful in describing situations, things, events etc. This helps you capture the right emotions as you paint a picture using words. Avoid technical terms unless y ou are talking to technical people.13. You know“This new software will help you, you know, get better results.”“I was able to, you know, convince him, without breaking a sweat.”The question is, when you say, you know, what makes you think I know? Aren’t you supposed to explain it to me so I know?Using this phrase in your communication means you are assuming that your audience is aware of something that is supposed to help them understand what you’re talking about.If for example you are telling them something, then they are listening because they don’t know in the first place. Stop assuming that they know and tell them what they should know.Something else that comes out with this phrase is a sense of pride. You are being proud of yourself in the way you utilized your abilities and achieved your goal. Whereas it is important to acknowledge your abilities and even celebrate your achievements, expressing pride is often not appreciated.Did you really convince him without br eaking a sweat? That means your abilities are great. You are probably hoping to get some praise. And although you may get it, it may not be with genuine appreciation or love. It might even be the last time it comes your way.14. TotesThis word is meant to be a short form of totally. But it’s nothing but an informal breaking of a word. To make it worse, it sounds quite childish. If you are not a teenager interacting with your age-mates, stay clear of this word.If your child uses it in a chat or text message he sent you, just understand what it means but don’t adopt it. Do not even use it in your response to him. It might stick and land you into problems later.When you are asked a question and answer by saying totes instead of totally, people will really wonder what it is you just said. This word is not even in the mainstream dictionaries. It is in the urban dictionary which aptly says that the word is used by teenage girls.That should tell you that even when hanging out with your friends over the weekend, you should avoid the word.15. WentThis word describes an action you took of moving from one point to another. Nothing wrong with that. But what if you were more descriptive?When you say you went to the grocery store, the message is passed, albeit with some ambiguity in regards to the movement itself. It would be better to point out by which means you went to the store. For example, you could say you drove or walked to the grocery store.This is part of helpful communication as it eliminates the lack of clarity.The only time you can safely use the word went without any problem is when being general.You could say that you went shopping. That is perfectly okay. In this case, you are not specifying where exactly you went to but your supplies. You also don’t specify what supplies you bought.But saying you went to the supermarket; you went to work; you went to your friend’s place etc, invites some questions. How far is your friend’s place? Did you walk? Jog? Take a taxi?CONCLUSIONAvoiding these dumbing words, embrace the better alternatives provided, or others from your dictionary and strengthen your vocabulary. Stand out by being clear and communicate more effectively.

Technology In Fahrenheit 451 Analysis - 1008 Words

Technology has secretly taken over society but no one will realize until it is too late. Fahrenheit 451 is a science fiction novel written by author, Ray Bradbury in 1953. The novel takes place in a futuristic, utopian society in which technology is exceptionally advanced and it completes almost all everyday actions for people. Fahrenheit 451 tells the story of the main protagonist, Montag who is a fireman in a society where books are illegal and the main job of firemen is to burn all books. Most people in society are slaves to technology and have become completely disconnected from society especially Montag’s wife, Mildred. In his novel, Bradbury proves through Mildred’s shallow actions that technology, although innovative, holds society†¦show more content†¦But, they have such a negative impact on social and emotional life on Mildred and it shows how technology has put restraints on people. Mildred constantly shows Montag that she doesn’t care about h im or what he does. She has no real connections in life and only cares about herself no matter what it costs other people. Technology rips away any real connections that Mildred has ever had with Montag to a point where she doesn’t even care about him. Mildred has succumb to technology and it has corrupted her life in such a way that her own husband no longer holds any emotional meaning to her anymore. In a horrifically shallow conversation between Mildred and Montag, Mildred says to Montag, â€Å"Its really fun. Itll be even more fun when we can afford to have the fourth wall installed. How long you figure before we save up and get the fourth wall torn out and a wall-TV put in. Its only two thousand dollars.† (Bradbury 20). The conversation goes on and Montag replies with, â€Å"That’s one-third of my yearly pay. It’s only two thousand dollars, she replied. And I think you should consider me sometimes.† (Bradbury 20). Mildred talks about how she n eeds another parlour wall to improve her life. This conversation inspires the idea that Mildred only cares about herself and how she is oblivious she is to Montag’s emotions. The idea that Mildred, through technology, has become completely detached from her husband and that she doesn’t care about him. She only cares about theShow MoreRelatedAnnotated Bibliography : Ray Bradbury1077 Words   |  5 PagesFahrenheit 451: Ray Bradbury An Annotated Bibliography Johnston, Amy E. Boyle. â€Å"Ray Bradbury: Fahrenheit 451 Misinterpreted.† L.A. Weekly, 4 Apr. 2016, Http://Www.laweekly.com/News/Ray-Bradbury-Fahrenheit-451-Misinterpreted-2149125. 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Pepsi Company Swot Analysis - 846 Words

Pepsi Company: SWOT Analysis Introduction PepsiCo is the second most popular beverage company in the world, according to PepsiCo (2008). This company has an outstanding marketing brand name. PepsiCo sponsors numerous sporting events and has a wide variety of consumers. This product is in competition with the first popular beverage company Coke-Cola. This company evaluates every year on a strategic plan by using SWOTT analysis to manage their products to learn the internal and external factors of the marketing business. SWOTT is a â€Å"collection of data that is used to evaluate a corporation or small business† (Jurevicius, 2016). This outline allows business owners to create a vision from an internal and external aspect form of their†¦show more content†¦Opportunities PepsiCo has the potential to encourage consumers into drinking water and eating healthier snacks that they promote. Bottled water is rising and it is a healthy substitute to sugared drinks. Restaurants, clubs and venues are using their bever age to make special drinks. This is where alcohol industries gains more profit to their company. However, with the ability to adjust customer’s demands with new and appealing products it can dominate to success. Threats One of the biggest and most concern threats are the health concerns of managing obesity. Therefore this can reduce the demand of some of the company’s merchandise in the industry. Nonetheless the market value of the products and advance spending is internationally worldwide. The intensifying profits of the trade rate can negatively change the company’s income and earnings. The enlarged competition and the potential can hurt the corporation industry. However, PepsiCo competes with Coca-cola because it’s the number one largest beverage and food industries. Trends According to PepsiCo SWOT, â€Å"it is better equipped to satisfy the needs of customers with a wide variety of successful products† (2008). PepsiCo managed to present almost every type of drink and food brands. The merchandise that is earned is the majority of their revenue. This makes them extremely at risk to change any of their marketing products. HoweverShow MoreRelatedRecommending a Marketing Mix for a Product or Service1604 Words   |  7 PagesMarketing Mix for a Product or Service Executive Summary This report mainly talked about a product-Pepsi. In this report, the purpose was compared and contrasted which 4Ps is better to the Pepsi and wanted more people to buy it. The thesis was compare and contrasts the Pepsi with the competitor - Coca Cola. So the report needed find some information and interview some people. The key finding was that SWOT and 4Ps is very important to the product. And the key conclusion and recommendation was the firstRead MorePepsi Cola As A Carbonated Soft Drink Essay1071 Words   |  5 Pagesexample: Microsoft and Apple, Ford and General Motors, or PepsiCo (NYSE: PEP) and Coco Cola (NYSE: KO) (StreetAuthority, 2014). Pepsi is a carbonated soft drink produced and manufactured by PepsiCo (NYSE: PEP). PepsiCo Inc. was established by the merging of Pepsi-Cola and Frito-Lay. Its World Headquarters is located at Purchase in New York. PepsiCo is an American multinational company which also manufactures snacks, food and beverages with sales/revenue of more than 66.42 billion and having employees overRead MoreMgt521 Pepsico Business Analysis I Essay1681 Words   |  7 Pages PepsiCo Business Analysis: Part I Management/MGT-521 Dr. Olivia Herriford PepsiCo Business Analysis: Part I PepsiCo is a world leader in convenient snacks, foods, and beverages with revenues of $65 billion and more than 285,000 employees. The company headquarters are in Purchase, New York. PepsiCo products can be found in nearly 200 countries around the globe. The company has 22 brands that each generates more than $1 billion each in annual retail sales. PepsiCo owns some of the worldsRead MoreMarketing Strategy Of Coca Cola Essay1124 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The Coca-Cola Company is considered one of the largest distributors, marketers and manufactures of soft drink syrups and concentrates internationally (Bodden, 2009). Headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, in America, it is popularly known for its Coca-Cola flagship product, and is among the biggest corporations in the United States. Presently, Coca-Cola is a globally known soft drink company with further ambitious plans of growing the brand to places it has no presence. The majority ofRead MorePepsico Swot Analysis And Recommendations1173 Words   |  5 PagesPepsiCo SWOT Analysis Recommendations When I was young, I observed keenly how my parents were torn in deciding from which beverage company to purchase their products. They always compared Pepsi and Coca-cola drinks in their selection. Pepsi is a carbonated soft drink produced and manufactured by PepsiCo. Pepsi products are enjoyed by consumers in more than 200 countries and territories around the world. Coca-Cola is another international beverage conglomerate that has dominated the beverage marketRead MorePepsi Col Communication Strategy1324 Words   |  6 Pages Pepsi SWOTT Analysis Nikki Washington MBA6011- Strategic Marking South University DR. Nkwocha 09/04/2016 Pepsi Cola: Communication Strategy Introduction PepsiCo is the second most popular beverage company in the world, according to PepsiCo (2008). This company has an outstanding marketing brand name. PepsiCo sponsors numerous sporting events and has a wide variety of consumers. This product is in competition with the first popular beverage company Coke-Cola. This company evaluatesRead MoreCase Analysis : New Coke1130 Words   |  5 PagesCase Analysis: New Coke Situation Analysis Founded in 1892, the Coca-Cola Company is known to have created the â€Å"world’s best-selling soft drink.† However, in the 1970s, Coca-Cola was rivaled by Pepsi-Cola, a competitor offering a substitute product. Coca-Cola had been winning the war for over 87 years when consumers began to prefer Pepsi-Cola’s product. Even loyal Coca-Cola consumers admitted to desiring Pepsi over traditional Coke. These confessions, combined with Pepsi’s own research findingsRead MoreStrategic Decisions That The Coca Cola Company920 Words   |  4 Pagesstrategic decisions that the Coca-Cola Company makes following its SWOT analysis. These choices are compared to differentiation method, which is one of Porter s generic strategies that the company adopted to gain competitive advantage. The differential strategy entails producing products which are different from those of the competitors. Notably, Coca Cola s products are not unique, but there brand and reputation put them on a higher niche in the market. The company utilizes its status as well as itsRead MoreEssay on case study1106 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿PEPSICO-Carbonated drinks Market Analysis Macro environment Variables SWOT analysis Prepared by-Liveleen Sandhu Student id -300774707 PepsiCo –carbonated drinks Introduction PepsiCo is one of the famous brand in FOOD and manufacturing of consumer goods From beverages to food to snacks, they offer wide range of products choicesRead MoreMarketing Mix Of Pepsi-Cola1251 Words   |  6 PagesMarketing Mix Of Pepsi-Cola Today ¡Ã‚ ¦s PepsiCo, Inc. was found in 1965 through the merger of Pepsi Co and Frito-Lay, the world ¡Ã‚ ¦s largest manufacturer and distributor of snack chips. In 1998, it acquired Tropicana, the world ¡Ã‚ ¦s largest marketer and producer of branded juices. In addition to the main body of 3 companies, the Pepsi-Cola Incorporation also owns four well-known fast food restaurants in the world; they are Pizza Hut, Taco Bell, KFC, and Burger King. Furthermore, with its 4 fast food restaurants

National Intigration in Malaysia Free Essays

This article examines the direction of ethnic politics in Malaysia by investigating the 2008 election results and the subsequent political maneuverings of political parties following the election. The results do not clearly demonstrate the demise of ethnic politics; however, the communal political paradigm of the Barista National Party (BIN) has become increasingly ineffective in its attempts to appease both Malay and non- Malay communities. Following the election, the BIN seems to have moved towards the adoption of a multivalent agenda, whereas its affiliated parties have chosen to maintain their communal political paradigm. We will write a custom essay sample on National Intigration in Malaysia or any similar topic only for you Order Now Furthermore, the Pakistan Arrays has not outlined a clear multivalent platform and has failed to reject communal politics. The Malaysian political paradigm has yet to shift qualitatively away from ethnic politics. View full text Download full text One of the key concepts of national integration in Malaysia is to increase and develop the country economically. In a plural society like Malaysia, citizens nowadays hardly ark together due to lack of communication between each another. Therefore, it is important for national integration to take place so that people in Malaysia work together and help each other to increase the country’s income; this is because when there is unity there is teamwork. On the other hand, according to Data Limit P. G. (2003) building a harmony society is also one of the key concepts of national integration. Malaysia a country that has many types of races of people must reduce the difference between them and to come as one to create a community with strong oral and ethic values so that a harmony society can be build. According to Boolean (2007), the other key concept of national integration is to motivate Malaysian nowadays to learn to unite with each other and also to enhance the patriotism spirit in them. This is to ensure that people from various ethnic groups here can learn to tolerate each other and work together to bring our country forward. Bell Abstract An important characteristic of many countries is that they exhibit, to greater or lesser intergovernmental fiscal systems. This paper explores some of the varied extents and manners in which such asymmetrical treatment may help or hinder the maintenance of an effective nation-state, where â€Å"effectiveness† encompasses both how effectively, efficiently, and (perhaps) equitably public services are provided throughout the national territory and also the effects asymmetry may have on the very existence of â€Å"fragmented† nation-states. Key words: federalism, decentralization, asymmetry, subsidiaries JELL codes: HUH, DAD Belgium, Bosnia-Herringbone, Canada, People’s Republic of China, Germany, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Philippines, Russia, Spain, Sudan, Switzerland?what can this diverse set of countries possibly have in common? One important answer is that each contains within its boundaries a significant territorially based group of people who are, or who consider themselves to be, distinct and different in ethnicity, in language, in religion, or Just in history (ancient or recent) from the majority of the population. Indeed, contrary to the common view?one might say mythology?that the most natural† nation-state is a unified and homogeneous entity, such â€Å"fragmented† countries (Bird and Stauffer, 2001)1 are found throughout the world. Homogeneous nations are more the exception than the rule. Indeed, heterogeneity, whether ethnic or economic, is a more common feature of most countries than homogeneity. 2 A second important characteristic of many countries is that they exhibit, to greater or lesser degrees, some â€Å"asymmetry’ in the way in which different regions are treated by their intergovernmental fiscal systems. While†¦ [continues] How to cite National Intigration in Malaysia, Papers

Online Accounting Software for Implementation of MYOB

Question: Discuss about theOnline Accounting Software for Implementation of MYOB. Answer: Introduction John and Jane are engaged in the electrical business since last 8 years. They are running the business in the name of John and Jane Electrical Company. The business is being conducted at the small level and hence the business managers are following the manual system of accounting. All the accounting related operations were performed manually by the management. The major accounting functions were ranging from the maintenance of track records of all the financial data relating to inventory, payrolls, accounts payables and receivables, taxation function etc. The management persons were writing the ledgers of accounting transactions on their own. As the manual system of accounting system is followed there involves a heavy paper work requiring ample of time and efforts to manage and retain all the important data records on paper. Further, it is difficult for the owners to deal with each and every business complexity as it demands requisite accounting knowledge and expertise. Moreover, the manual system of accounting of John and Janes electrical company is facing severe inefficiencies as a result of manual intervention causing high errors and mistakes in carrying out accounting operations. With the increased level of demand for electrical supplies and the decision of opening up few more stores at alternative location, the owners of the electrical company have realised the importance of automated accounting systems. As the business is conducted at a small level an appropriate accounting software is required to be selected. MYOB is one of the leading accounting and other business management solutions providing software meant for small to middle sized firms. The implementation of such software will enable the business managers to focus on their core business functions as the non-core functions like accounting and related activities will conveniently be handled by using the features of MYOB in real time. The concentration on demand and sales management will contribute to higher revenue generation of the electrical company. Moreover, the implementation of such software will also prevent the inefficiencies of the accounting system as the chances of errors on part of humans w ill be minimised. The documentation requirement of the critical accounting and financial data of company will also be reduced as the data will be kept saved and backed up on online platform. Economic transactions at small business levels Purchase and Sales transactions For businesses at every level whether small, medium or large, purchases and sales are the most basic functions. To run any business the entrepreneurs requires the requisition of raw materials and the other necessary assets for the business. Hence, purchase transactions occurs most commonly in every business organisation. Further, business exists to deliver some outputs in the market. Therefore sales forms the necessary part of it. The purchase and the sales transaction are those economic transaction in every business which occurs regularly. These transactions are thus required to be properly accounted for (Halabi, Barrett Dyt, 2010). Payroll function transactions: Human resources plays the vital role in the business success. The wages and salaries paid to each and every personnel involved in the business and hence payroll transactions are also commonly identified economic transactions. Tax payment transactions Even the small businesses exists to earn some profits and hence it has to pay off a certain portion of its earnings to the tax regulators of the economy. Tax related transactions occurs when taxes are paid to the fiscal bodies. Tax accounting is done to determine the amount of taxes to be paid to the government. Revenue Expenses transactions: In order to operate a business the owners have to spend certain amounts of money to meet out its daily requirements like payment of utilities rent payments and it also earns incomes from various sources hence transactions relating to payments of expenses and receipt of certain incomes can occur frequently in any small business. Investment relating transactions: Even small businesses saves a certain portion of their earnings from the operations and hence invests their saving in some income generating sources and therefore investments can be also be the part of economic transactions. Banking transactions: A business at small level needs to raise funds from banks and other finance providers therefore loan transactions are common part of small business economic transactions. Benefits of using an online accounting software tool Speedy accounting processes: As online accounting programs are based on automated functioning, the accounting operations are handled with speed using online software. As machines works more quickly than the manual systems the processing of accounting data occurs in the minimum possible time (Sam, 2012). Safety and Security: The information any business plays vital role in its success. As book keeping function in any organisation is the basic aspect of business management. Accounting software provides the safety and back up features to safeguard the critical information of the business. The information kept on online mode can be prevented from the risk of data damage (Pulakanam Suraweera, 2010). Efficiency: The accounting operation requires significant portion owners time and efforts, accounting software helps the business in managing the accounting functions with more accuracy and proper management of accounting data. As data processed electronically is less subjected to the arithmetic or logical errors (Salehi, Rostami Mogadam, 2010). Cost: In small businesses it is difficult for the managers to hire an expert person to handle its accounting operations for every year as they have low budgets, investing in the accounting software helps the firm to receive its benefits for a long time with one time investment. Accounting software are designed and developed in such ways that the owners of the business would not need to hire an expert to handle its accounting functions (Everaert, Sarens Rommel, 2010). Easy user interface: Online accounting software are developed and designed for the people who do not possess requisite knowledge about the accounting functions. These software possess the basic accounting features that are vital for every small or medium business and are easy to understand and use with proper technical support. Problems faced by Jane and John in manual accounting system Inadequate accounting knowledge: It may not be possible for the owners of electrical company to possess all the requisite skills and knowledge to handle accounting operations and to keep themselves updated with all the accounting related regulatory changes. Also, the managers might be finding it difficult to manage all the business operations simultaneously. Human errors: while working with manual system it is not possible for the owners of the business to avoid each and every error on arithmetic or logical grounds as they lack expertise in accounting functions. Owners are not the machines which can provide the accuracy in every function it perform. Heavy Paper Work: In manual accounting the accounts are majorly handled on the papers and hence require proper documentation of all the paper. Also, the hard copy of records is vulnerable to risk of loss due to various disasters. Time consuming: Accounting involves series of operations to be carried out to record a data for the purpose of financial reporting. There are large number of sales transactions that takes place in the business of John and Jane therefore it takes enormous amount of time to record all the transactions. Cumbersome accounting processes: The accounting processes can be complex enough at times and hence difficult to be handled by single or two persons. Use of MYOB features in John and Janes business Invoicing feature: MYOB is designed for the small and medium sized businesses and provides the key feature of invoicing of bills to the customers to whom the sales are made by the firm. As MYOB provides the feature which automatically generates the sales invoices to the customers as soon as sales data is entered in the software program it will help the electrical company to manage its sales functions properly (Curtis, 2015). Payroll management: The payroll feature will help the John and Janes business in managing the staff members of the organisation so that they can be paid off for their services on time. This feature will keep the relevant record of all the employees of business (Sutherland, 2011). Bank feeds: This feature will enable the owners of the business to stay updated with all the bank related transactions that occurs on daily basis such as the receipts and withdrawals that are made directly to the bank account of the business (Curtis, 2012). Limitations and risks involved in MYOB implementations Data Security Risks: Information kept on online platform is more prone to cyber-crimes like hacking and data leakage. The data that is processed by the accounting software may be quite sensitive for the business thus will make the business suffer severe repercussions if it is leaked out. The information loss can affect the companys performance adversely and it may also lead the company face serious governmental actions (Gourdie, 2011) (Wongsim Gao, 2010). Unfriendly for new users: The employees working with old system may find it difficult to cope up with new online accounting software. To work on it one must require proper knowledge about software functionalities. Enough of training needs to be given to the concerned workforce in the company and training the personnel may cost high to the company (Urqua, 2011). Conclusion: From the research about the importance of MYOB in the small businesses, it can be well concluded that the implementation of online accounting software can allow the business to reach at the next level if properly used by enabling the owners to focus on the core business activities. Whereas, the use of manual system of accounting will lead the business to face several inefficiencies in the accounting functions due to the involvement of human error element. Hence, the owners of electrical company must go for the option of using the accounting software for their business. References Curtis, V., 2012.Making the Most of MYOB AccountRight. Woodslane Press. Curtis, V., 2015.MYOB Software for Dummies-Australia. John Wiley Sons. Everaert, P., Sarens, G. and Rommel, J., 2010. Using Transaction Cost Economics to explain outsourcing of accounting.Small Business Economics,35(1), pp.93-112. Gourdie, J., 2011. MYOB as an Accounting Information System: Is it time for a 501 curriculum refocus? Halabi, A.K., Barrett, R. and Dyt, R., 2010. Understanding financial information used to assess small firm performance: An Australian qualitative study.Qualitative Research in Accounting Management,7(2), pp.163-179. Pulakanam, V. and Suraweera, T., 2010. Implementing accounting software in small business in New Zealand: an exploratory investigation.Accountancy Business and the Public Interest,9(64), pp.98-124. Salehi, M., Rostami, V. and Mogadam, A., 2010. Usefulness of accounting information system in emerging economy: Empirical evidence of Iran.International Journal of Economics and Finance,2(2), p.186. Sam, M., Fazli, M., Hoshino, Y. and Tahir, M.N.H., 2012. The adoption of computerized accounting system in small medium enterprises in Melaka, Malaysia. Sutherland, E., 2011.Computer Accounting: A Systematic Approach: Using MYOB Business Management Software: Version 19. Pearson Australia. Syafrudin, V., 2012. An empirical study of Accounting software Acceptance among Bengkulu City students.Asian journal of Accounting and governance,3, pp.99-112. Urqua Grande, E., Prez Estbanez, R. and Muoz Colomina, C., 2011. The impact of Accounting Information Systems (AIS) on performance measures: empirical evidence in Spanish SMEs. Wongsim, M. and Gao, J., 2010, August. Data quality issues in accounting information systems adoption-theory building. InNetworked Computing and Advanced Information Management (NCM), 2010 Sixth International Conference on(pp. 224-230). IEEE.

Capital Punishment Essays (1715 words) - Penology, Prison, Death Row

Capital Punishment From the beginning of time, crime has been evident in human existence, and from the first crime there has always been a punishment. "And it came to pass, when they were in a field, that Cain rose up against his brother, Able, and slew him" (Genesis 4:8). This for many people was seen as the first crime. This crime did not go unpunished. Cain was then ostracized from his colony and sent to wonder as a vagabond and a fugitive for his crime (Genesis 4:14). He was also branded with the mark of a murderer. Therefore, the presence of crime in human life is inevitable. Defined in Webster's Dictionary, crime is, an act of violation against society and its laws. Punishment is the consequence of the crime. Crimes like fraud, burglary, assault, etc., are usually punished by prison terms. Murder, manslaughter, and homicide maybe punished by prison terms or death. Ways to be executed Electrocution-the three legged oak chair was constructed in 1923 by inmates and is still used today. (ironic isn't it?) The electrocution cycle is two minutes or shorter in duration. Voltage and amperage levels peak on three occasions. Maximum current is 2000 volts and 14 amps. The executioner is an anonymous, private citizen who is paid $150 per execution. The position of executioner was advertised in several Florida newspapers in 1978. Lethal Injection-execution by lethal injection involves the continuous intravenous injection of a lethal quantity of a short-acting barbiturate in combination with a chemical paralytic agent. A number of doctors have pointed out that drugs may not work effectively on diabetics or former drug users, whose veins may be hard to reach. In some cases minor surgery may be required to cut in to a deeper vein, according to medical testimony. More states use this form of execution than all US states. Gas Chamber-prisoner is restrained in a hermetically sealed steel chamber below which is a pan. Upon a signal, the executioner opens a valve, flowing hydrochloric acid into the pan. On a second signal, about 8 ounces of potassium cyanide crystals or tablets are dropped mechanically into the acid, producing hydrocyanic gas, which destroys the ability of blood hemoglobin to perform. Unconsciousness occurs within a few seconds if the prisoner takes a deep breath, and longer if he or she holds their breath. After pronouncement of death, the chamber is evacuated through carbon and neutralizing filters. Gas-masked crews decontaminate the body with a bleach solution and outgassed prior to release. An unwary undertaker could be killed if this is not done. States using this method: Arizona, California, Maryland, Mississippi and North Carolina. Hanging-prisoner is weighing prior to execution. The "drop" is based on the prisoner's weight, to deliver 1260 foot-pounds of force to the neck. Essentially, the prisoner's weight in pounds is divided into 1260 to arrive at a drop in feet. This is to assure almost instant death, a minimum of bruising, and neither strangulation nor beheading. Properly done, death is by dislocation of the third or fourth cervical vertebrae. The familiar noose coil is placed behind the prisoner's left ear, so as to snap the neck upon dropping. States using this method: Delaware, Montana and Washington. Firing Squad-there is reportedly no protocol for the procedure which according to information involves a five man team, one of who will use a blank bullet so that none of them knows who was the real executioner. Since the reinstatement of the death penalty two prisoners have been executed by this method. Gary Gilmore in 1977 and John Taylor in 1996. There are only two states who use this method. They include Utah and Idaho. Who's in Federal Prison? statistics found in 1991 5% of prisoners were women 65% of prisoners belonged to racial or ethnic minorities 68% of prisoners were under age 35 96% of prison inmates were US citizens 59% of prison inmates has high school diplomas or its equivalent less than half of the inmates were sentenced for a violent crime (assault, murder, rape), a fourth were sentenced for a property crime (burglary, vandalism), about a fifth were sentenced for a drug crime (self explanatory) Who's in State Prison? statistics found in 1996 10% of prisoners were women (statistics show that prisoners were sexually or physically abused before admission) 63% of prisoners belonged to racial or ethnic minorities 24% of prisoners were between the ages of 35 and 44 (therefore 54% of inmates were under the age of 35) about 8% of inmates were not US citizens 54% of inmates have a high

The Death Penalty Debate in the United States of America

The Death Penalty Debate in the United States of America Introduction Capital punishment has otherwise been referred to as death sentence or death penalty. It can also be used to refer to legal execution of a convicted individual or through a judicial process.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Death Penalty Debate in the United States of America specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The capital punishment has always been used in situations where an individual or criminal is judicially convicted of a capital offence or capital crime (Milhorn 401). It is important to examine the origin of capital punishment. The capital is a term that was coined from the Latin word â€Å"capitalis† which actually, in its literal sense means â€Å"gaze at the head.† So it means that initially, capital punishment was a situation where a convicted criminal had his or her head judicially severed. Nonetheless, it is important to note that capital punishment, in the past, has virtually been utilized every society (Milhorn 401). However, available literature indicates that only 58 countries of the world still practice capital punishment; this represents only approximately 5% of all countries in the world. The meaning of this is that about 95% of all countries in the world have turned away from using capital punishment to contain crimes. In many countries, capital punishment is still a subject of hot debate in many countries, including the United States of America, and standpoints can vary within a given singular cultural religion amongst a group of individuals or political ideology (Clarke and Whitt, pp29 of such countries where capital punishment is still an option are the United States of America, the People’s Republic of China and Indonesia (Clarke and Whitt, pp.46-57). However, looking at the contemporary society, the global distribution of death penalty has been varying greatly with some countries and states abolishing and reinstating capital punishment s.Advertising Looking for essay on criminal law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Since the end of the Second World War, the global tendency toward abolishing the death penalty has been on the rise. According to available information, there are countries that have abolished death sentencing completely; some have only allowed it under special or specific circumstances while others are yet to make their decisions and take a stand on abolishing it. Even though death penalty is still being practiced in a significant number of developed nations, it was widely practiced in developing countries most of which were under the control of repressive, dictatorial or totalitarian governments. With regard to this, it will be accurate to argue that that capital punishment has some times been used for political reasons to contain political dissidents. The death punishment in America is varied depending with jurisdictions. Practically, death punishment in the United States of America is only applicable in cases of motivated murder and more remotely for felony assassination or what is otherwise referred to as indenture murder. The (capital) punishment is believed to have been there even at the time of the earlier colonies of the United States; it as well continued to be in force within the states that came to form afterwards. In the process of judicial execution, the methods are different and depended on the type of criminal activity committed. The first to be sentenced to capital punishment in America was executed in 1608; the person was judicially executed after being convicted of spying on behalf of the government of Spain. Afterwards, the capital punishment in the United States have been abolished and reinstated for a significant number of times. Nonetheless, several states within the United States apply capital punishment for differently in relation to crime committed (Clarke and Whitt, pp.03-68). This positi onal paper will argue in favor of death penalties. To this effect, the paper will examine the various reason death penalty is still appropriate and important towards containing certain types of criminal activities. Moreover, the paper will utilize the ideas such as DNA evidences and other forms of evidences as they relate to death as a penalty. The various impact of banning death as a penalty will also form part of the themes in this paper. Abolitionists’ Views In order to get the basis on which to understand the significance of capital punishment, it is important to start by looking at arguments against the judicial execution.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Death Penalty Debate in the United States of America specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is important to note that even though death penalty has gained support from various individuals, private organizations and state institutions, the subject is sti ll hotly detested; there are a significant number of people or group of individuals who cannot see the positive side of capital punishment. The opposition to capital punishment began as early as 1767 when abolitionist movements were taking roots. The current abolitionist movement has its roots in the works of Montesquieu, a European theorist. Other theorists included English known as Quakers John Bellers, Bentham and John Howard. Meanwhile, it was Cesare strongly campaigned against capital punishment the world over. Beccaria hypothesized that the state does not encompass any validation to take away life either for a group of individuals or an individual. The work of Beccaria offered staunch abolitionists with a renewed energy to argue champion against capital punishment with an authoritative voice. In fact, the influence of this theory achieved some grounds worldwide where some countries actually abolished death penalty as a way of judicial killing. The ideas of Beccaria on death pe nalty had great influence on the American intellectuals who fought for its abolishment except in extreme cases like treason and crimes of murder. The abolitionist movement has argued, borrowing from Beccaria’s arguments, that capital punishment does not serve as a deterrent to crimes for which it is meted. During the early part of the 19th century, abolitionist movement gained momentum in the United States of America and consequently some states revised their statutes in relation to capital punishment. Even so, more states maintained their capital punishment statutes. By the time the United States was facing the First World War, capital punishment was reinstated; this could be interpreted as a blow to the anti-capital punishment crusaders. As much as death penalty is necessary, those arguing against it advance a significant number of incontrovertible arguments that are worth acknowledging. They have argued that there exist nothing like humane method of judicial execution irre spective of what crime the convict might have committed to warrant death sentence. These people state that execution is torturous to a convicted criminal and that it must be realized that the criminals are also human beings with human feelings and fear of losing their families. Moreover, an argument has been advanced that the mental conditions of the convicted as at the time of commission of capital offense is not usually given the attention it requires; besides, it is noted that from the time capital punishment is pronounced on a convict upto the time when execution takes place, the convict undergoes a lot of psychological torture and mental disturbance. This causes more suffering to the convict than the commission of offence may warrant.Advertising Looking for essay on criminal law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The most important point raised by those arguing against capital punishment is the virtual conviction that there may be a miscarriage of righteousness where an innocent individual may be judicially executed and there is no possible compensation in case this takes place. Due to this uncertainty, many individuals have petitioned and pressurized states to consider abolishing death penalties in their judicial systems. Another argument advanced by anti-capital punishment crusaders is that the families of the convicts should not be overlooked. They say that the families also feel pain when they realize there loved ones are to be judicially executed; the families of the convicts are said to go through hell during the time starting from the pronouncement of death sentence to the actual execution of the convicted criminal. Racism has been linked to unjustified death sentences where members of a given race are more likely to be handed death penalty than others. For instance, it is estimated t hat black capital criminals are highly likely to get death penalty where the victims are mostly whites; in cases involving black victims, white capital offenders are most likely to escape death penalties. Meanwhile, there are so many reasons the anti-capital punishment crusaders have advanced against death penalty. However, maintenance of death penalty in the penal code is still very important in terms of certain crime prevention. The Need for Capital Punishment As much as there have been oppositions to death penalty by human rights and activists and other abolitionists, death penalty still has a significant role to play in terms of ensuring deterrence to keep away capital criminals from committing capital offences. In the history of death penalty, there are sufficient evidences indicating that even countries in which capital punishment had been removed from the statutes have reinstated the form of punishment. This implies that the role played by the legality of capital punishment r emains invaluable in terms of crime control and prevention (Council of Europe, pp.3-13). The argument between those for the death penalties has been going on for sometimes now in the United States of America. There are many people who have tried by all means available to them to push the state to abolish death penalty. However, the fact is that death penalty is necessary in cases of certain crimes like serial killing, abduction and rape of underage children and other forms of felony. Those opposed to death penalty base their arguments on the possibilities of convicting and subsequently executing an innocent person (Council of Europe, pp. 15-25). The death penalty provision exists after the law makers realized that it is the only solution to certain crimes, otherwise what government will want to execute the very innocent citizens it is mandated to protect. One striking fact is that before someone is convicted of a felony and sentenced to death, through investigation must be conducted ; the process of conducting such investigations includes the use of scientific techniques like DNA tests even though this has been faulted to have possible errors of proof just like any other means of determining the guilt of a criminal offender. Most important to note is the fact that the conviction process does not only utilize one means of determining whether one is guilty or innocent, a combination of methodological techniques is used so that one technique is highly likely to examine what is beyond the scope of another. It is important to note that those arguing against the death penalty have advanced some arguments that are both logical and realistic. However, they seem to be oblivious of the fact that the process of conviction is so elaborate and effective that the chances of convicting an innocent individual is actually close to unlikely (Council of Europe, pp. 15-30). Moreover, it is still wrong to argue that death punishment may condemn an otherwise innocent person to death . There is absolutely no proof for this claim; before anybody faces execution, especially within the United States of America, a carefully selected jury is selected to examine and make decisions on such cases as relate to capital punishment; and they have always worked towards proofs beyond any reasonable doubt that a defendant is actually guilty of the capital crime committed. Therefore, the likelihood of any innocent individual being executed by mistake is actually limited. Given the perpetually improving forensic science, the chances of judicial execution of an innocent individual is nearing zero. It therefore implies that the fear of executing an innocent person judicially should not now be amongst the reasons anti-capital punishment crusaders use against the death penalty (Gershman, pp. 107-117). The inappropriateness of capital punishment has also been widely propagated through the various media. The fact is that the media has always confused the true distinction between the t erms â€Å"acquittal† and â€Å"innocence† as they are used in the justice system. It is this confusion in the media’s judicial reporting that present the public with the belief that those who escape convictions are actually innocent individuals who would otherwise be executed for a given crime. The clear characteristic is that innocence suggests that the individual did not indulge in the offense although being exonerated does not imply innocence. The fact is that the court is likely to acquit a suspect in cases where the defendants are not able to prove beyond any reasonable doubt that the accused actually committed the offense. It is in such cases where the court has acquitted an individual, irrespective of whether he or she committed the crime or not, due to lack of proof beyond reasonable doubt that the media has taken it as if the court has found the individual innocent. In summary, a jury is obliged to acquit an individual who is most likely guilty but who se guilt cannot be proven before the court or the jury beyond any reasonable doubt. This is also a proving ground on which capital punishment should not be abolished (Gershman, pp. 131-140). The possible conviction and subsequent execution of an innocent individual is unfortunate by all standards of justice available. But, it is noteworthy that the unfortunate scenario can not only be avoided through abolition of death penalty. Instead, the immense role played by death penalty in terms of criminal deterrence should appear in the bigger picture. Even if innocent people can mistakenly be executed for crimes they have not committed or abated, their number may not match those offenders who qualify for death penalty. This implies that the probability of executing an innocent person is immensely insignificant and hence should not be a reason for which death penalty should be abolished. Besides, in the recent past, there has never been heard of a situation where and individual has mistaken ly been convicted and sentenced to death. This reinforces the argument that the chances of executing an innocent person are very limited and almost unlikely (Gershman, pp. 202-213). Looking at the bigger picture, it is important to acknowledge that there are some career criminals whose existence means perpetual threat to social tranquility besides creating social disorder. For example, a career criminal whose presence in any setting is always defined by violence and even death might have been in and out of jail. This implies that such as criminal cannot be rehabilitated through jailing and hence the need to eliminate him or her from the society. In this case, death penalty may not be considered as a punishment to the offender, but should be seen as a way of ensuring that a single individual or few people do not threaten the overall social peace within a given society. In relation to this, it will be noted that judicial execution is an effective way of stopping capital offenses. Ther e may be many criminals who carry out capital offenses, but the judicially executed ones will never commit such crimes again. The victims of criminals vary in terms of gender and age. In many cases, there are vulnerable groups which suffer in the hands of certain offenders. For example, children and women are the most likely victims of sex offenders. Sex offenders are normally handed more severe punishment than other offenders. This is acknowledgeable, but the fact is that punishment should not be seen in terms of what kind of offence is committed; it should be viewed in the light of what effects or impacts it is likely to have on the general public, especially with respect to right to life and other fundamental freedoms. In this case, it will be defeating to logic to let an individual whose behavior has proved heinous to the general public to continue living amongst the members of the society; this will simply offer such an individual more opportunities to continue with is heinous act. If left unchecked through death, such individuals are likely to remain threats to the neighborhood of their residence. So, the only way to ensure they do not continue with their socially threatening undertakings is sentence them to death (Gershman, pp. 231-137). Generally, punishment is used as deterrence to criminal activities. In view of this, it is worth mentioning that death sentence is a unique its own capacity as a deterrence to reoccurrences of particular crimes. Unlike other penalties, death is not meant to teach the convicted a lesson. It performs two levels of functions; one, it simply puts an end to heinous criminal activities by a specific individual. This implies that there may be other criminals committing similar crimes but the actions by the executed individual are completely terminated. Two, it is a fact that many people fear dying; and the constitutional provide for death as a penalty to deter an individual from committing certain crimes. Therefore, in situati ons where a convicted individual is executed, the message is not to the executed but to those who are yet to commit a similar act. This is what is referred to as general deterrence or indirect deterrence to crime. According to research findings, death penalty has been found to reduce homicide where it is being meted. For instance, the research study conducted by Emory group during the period between 1977 and 1999 indicated that death sentence had been effective in terms of lowering homicide rate in about 3, 054 counties. The study findings further indicate that each death sentence pronounced resulted into 4.5 reductions in murder crimes while each execution led to reductions in murders by three. Research studies have also been conducted within the United States of America and the findings shows that the rate of homicide increased by 91% in the states where death penalty was abolished. Meanwhile, 70% of the states are reported to have experienced a decline in homicide after the state s had re-introduced death penalty (Espejo, pp1-15). Data collected from the general public are in agreement with the sentiment that capital punishment should not be abolished. Many of the surveyed public members of various countries have expressed their sentiments that retribution for the criminal activities committed against them, their relatives and friends is more significant to them than deterrence. An important point to take into consideration is that many criminals have been executed since death penalty was introduced several decades ago. This means that the justice system has actually not been sufficiently equipped to handle the criminals and hence failed to reform their behaviors. For instance, different sex offenders have been caught severally in different cases. The fact therefore is that the threat of death has not deterred them, so the focus shifts from rehabilitating the criminals to protecting the safety of the general members of the society; and this is through legall y eliminating them by execution. The argument here may be that death penalty has not succeeded to deter such heinous criminal activities; nonetheless, it is better to have new people committing the crime dealt with rather than let individuals to live and repeatedly commit there heinous acts. This makes sure one does not perpetually commit the offence (Espejo, pp.34-38). Death penalty has been limited to certain age. In 2005, the Supreme Court of the United State of America made a ruling that adolescent individuals are not subject to capital punishment. The ruling was premised on the research done by the American Psychological Association. The research findings claimed that adolescents are less mature than the adults and hence are subject such factors as peer pressures, difficulties in restraining their impulses and the general underdeveloped sense or responsibility. This research made the Supreme Court to rule that people under the age of 18 years old cannot be handed death sentence . The Supreme Court ruling on this matter is not sustainable in terms of ensuring justice for all citizens, especially the victims whose only hope is retribution for criminal acts committed against them. It implies that victims of heinous activities committed by the less than 18 years old criminals can never get justice yet the state is mandated to ensure justice and safety for all. The fact is that, in terms of development, there is a thin line between an 18 year old and 17 years old individuals and thus adult age may not imply. The 17 year old averagely thinks just like an 18 year old individual. In this case, age should not be a factor in determining who gets death sentence and does not. Every behavioral activity should be considered with respect to its danger to the members of the society (Espejo, pp.132-146). Death sentence should apply to all irrespective of age since the consequences or impacts of such heinous activities are always relatively the similar. For instance, the vi ctim of rape by a less than 18 year old teenager will have the same horrible experience as the victim of rape by some who is 18 years and above. The death penalty should therefore be applied for the safety of all members of the society. The rationale here is that the magnitude of pain inflicted through heinous act is totally independent on the age of the offender and that is what should actually inform the justice process. It has also been argued that death punishment is cruel an unusual to both the convict and the convict’s family members and friends. Those who pose this argument are oblivious of the fact that the victim and his or her families and friends also have the same experience. To argue on the cruelty about the cruelty of capital punishment meted to a convict and remain silent on the side of the victim actually defeats the logic of justice. One thing that is important to be borne in mind that the convicted criminal must have been aware of the consequences of committ ing capital offenses. This is reinforced by the fact that the consequences of crimes are well spelt in the statutory books and have been in existence for very many years. Again, it is worth recalling that every judicial execution taking place now, especially in the 21st century, is not the first ones; the executions have been going on since over a thousand years ago. It is therefore a common knowledge that every criminal should know the most probable consequence of every criminal act. In addition, the law is very clear on the kind of people who can be tried and convicted before the court (Espejo, pp.156-162). There are those who are exempted from judicial proceedings; such are those who are mentally ill or have mental disorder, the minor children who are statutorily underage amongst others. In view of all these, it is important to realize that a convicted criminal is always aware of the consequences but went on to commit the crime anyway. Again, the convict must have been aware of t he potential harm and pain to the victim, the victim’s family and friends but went on to commit the crime anyway and also, the convict must have been aware of those who have committed similar offenses and actually convicted and judicially executed. So, it is justified to say or assume that a convicted individual sentenced to capital punishment had sufficient information at his or her disposal to enable him make a rational choice, though this may not always be the case. It therefore implies that in the presence of all these overwhelming information, that is also common in the public domain, the convicted individual still chose to go a head commit a capital offense; this may be referred to as crime by impunity. For this reason, it justified to judicially execute the convict irrespective of whether he or she feels the pain or his or her friends and family do. The idea here is that in case of pain felt by family members and friends of the convict, the convict failed to think of t hat before committing capital offense. In support of the forgoing argument, it is suitable that the mode of an eye for an eye is utilized. Many people who support capital punishment are highly likely to see this as cruel, but this will be very effective in terms of deterring capital offenses and protecting the general innocent public members. The issue is that the victims of capital offenders are, in most cases, innocent; and in cases where they die from heinous acts of offenders, it cannot be argued that they will ever get justice. So, judicially executing somebody who has killed does not necessarily afford the dead victim justice, but it is ensuring that as many capital offenders as possible are eliminated from the society. In terms of moral grounds, anti-capital punishment crusaders have argued that death penalty does not have moral standing; but it is important to state that if that may be true, then the activities of capital criminal offenders are also not morally acceptable in the society. Nonetheless, the question that may be asked is that of how the perpetually or dangerously immoral behavior can be eliminated from the entire society if not by judicial execution. If this question were to be answered, then the response will be none, hence leaving capital punishment as the only means (Mandery, pp.1-9). One other thing that has not been given much of attention in the debate about the appropriateness of death penalty is that every prisoner or inmate would like to escape from prison should an opportunity arises. In fact, there have been several reports indicating that many prisoners have escaped from prison premises. In particular, those on long-term jail terms are most likely to escape from prison given that there lives are at stake due to the jury’s approval. In this case, if capital offenders were to be given long jail terms, they are likely to escape and find their ways back into the society where they are likely to continue committing the very c apital offenses they had been convicted of. In order to avoid such incidences, it is important that those found guilty of capital offenses be handed death penalty and thereafter be executed within the shortest time possible (Espejo, pp. 260-167). Again it is important to recognize that laws are very dynamic and subject to change with time. In situations where a capital offender were to be jailed for life without a parole, the change of law may grant such an offender some minimum level of parole which may beat the logic of justice for the victim or close relations of justice. For instance, a capital offender may be sentenced to life in prison but after some times, the law may possible change in such a way that those who are on life imprisonment jail term may be eligible to release if they meet certain requirements like changed behavior or showing remorsefulness. The consequence of this is that this kind of statutory change may be misused by the inmates through pretending to have beha vior change but once released may again go back into committing similar capital offenses for which he or she was jailed. This imprisonment may be considered to be the most appropriate alternative to capital punishment, but laws change and people also tend to forget about the past. In this scenario, life imprisonment may be abolished and capital offenders may be allowed back into the society after a given period of imprisonment. For this reason, it serves no good the society to abolish capital punishment and this may even lead to upsurge in the number of capital offenders (Yorke 283). The cost of judicial execution has been fronted as one of the reason capital punishment should be abolished; it is explained that the process of running a case of capital punishment demands a lot of money from the state and also the family members of convicts who may be engaged in several court appeals. It is true that going through the process of issuing capital punishment is complex and requires time and financial input. However, the cost is justified; first to ensure that the due process is thorough to avoid convicting an innocent person and also to ensure that it is proven beyond reasonable doubt that the suspect is actually guilty. The processing of executing a convict requires exhaustive evidences which should be ensured are as accurate as possible since everything at that time revolves about lives; first, it revolves around the life of the suspect who may unjustifiably be executed for a crime that might attract lesser sentence and second, in case of murder, the life of the members of the society who may continue to be victims if the accused is released on account of insufficient proof. It is clear that the cost of the whole process is to ensure justice for both the suspect and the victim and potential victims (Yorke 283). Conclusion Death penalty is a capital penalty used in punishing criminals who engage in serious criminal activities that may even go far as causing real o r perceived threat of life. The death penalty has been a serious debate topic in the United States of America. The existence of execution as a form of meting punishment to serious offenders and criminals has over the past drawn mixed perceptions. It is important to note that the differences in opinions are significant reasons for which some states within the United States have abolished death penalties while some still maintain it in their statutes (Milhorn 401). As much as capital punishment is still relevant, there has been heated debate about it with a significant number of people arguing against it. The opposition to capital punishment began as early as 1767 when abolitionist movements were taking roots. The current abolitionist movement has its roots in the works of Montesquieu, a European theorist. Other theorists included English known as Quakers John Bellers, Bentham and John Howard. However, it was the work of Beccaria offered staunch abolitionists with a renewed energy to argue champion against capital punishment with an authoritative voice. As much as death penalty is necessary, those arguing against it advance a significant number of undeniable facts that are worth acknowledging. They argue that capital punishment is cruelty against humanity, offenders might have not been sound mind at the time of commission of a capital offense and that execution puts the family of the convicted into pain and agony (Clarke and Whitt, pp29-46). The most central point raised by those arguing against death punishment is the virtual certainty that there may be a miscarriage of fair dealing or honesty within the court system where an innocent individual may be judicially executed and there is no possible compensation in case this happens. Because of this, several human rights group have petitioned various governments in the world to drop capital punishment from their statutes. Despite the opposition to it, death penalty still has a significant role to play in terms of ensuring deterrence to keep away capital criminals from committing capital offences. In the history of death penalty, there are sufficient evidences indicating that even countries in which capital punishment had been removed from the statutes have reinstated the form of punishment. This implies that the role played by the legality of capital punishment remains invaluable in terms of crime control and prevention. The death penalty provision exists after the law makers realized that it is the only solution to certain crimes, otherwise what government will want to execute the very innocent citizens it is mandated to protect. In order to avoid executing an innocent individual, anybody who faces execution, especially within the United States of America, a carefully selected jury is selected to examine and make decisions on such cases as relate to capital punishment; and they have always worked towards proofs beyond any reasonable doubt that a defendant is actually guilty of the capital c rime committed. However, a jury is obliged to acquit an individual who is most likely guilty but whose guilt cannot be proven before the court or the jury beyond any reasonable doubt. Death punishment is used as deterrence to criminal activities. According to research findings, death penalty has been found to reduce homicide where it is being meted. For instance, the research study conducted by Emory group during the period between 1977 and 1999 indicated that death sentence had been effective in terms of lowering homicide rate in about 3, 054 counties. Capital punishment should be applied to all irrespective of age since the consequences or impacts of such heinous activities are always relatively the similar. Moreover, capital offenders seem to be always aware of the consequences of their criminal act before they commit it yet choose to go ahead (Clarke and Whitt, pp.46-57). Again, in case capital punishment is commuted to life imprisonment, there is high possibility that if the lo ng-term serving inmates escape out of prison, they will still continue to commit the very crime they were convicted of and hence place a mockery on the justice system for the victims and potential victims. Besides, the laws may change in such a manner that the capital offenders get an opportunity to go back into the society and may possibly not be cowed by the lesser consequences (Espejo, pp.156-162). Clarke, Williams Whitt, Lauelyn. The bitter fruit of American justice: international and domestic resistance to the death penalty. New York: UPNE, 2007. Council of Europe. The death penalty: beyond abolition, Parts 42-43. New York: Council of Europe, 2004. Espejo, Roman. Does Capital Punishment Deter Crime? New York: Greenhaven Press, 2002. Gershman, Gary. Death penalty on trial: a handbook with cases, laws, and documents. New York: ABC-CLIO, 2005. Mandery, Evan. Capital punishment: a balanced examination. New York: Jones Bartlett Learning, 2005. Milhorn, Thomas. Crime: Computer Vir uses to Twin Towers. New York: Universal-Publishers, 2004. Yorke, Jon. Against the death penalty: international initiatives and implications. New York: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2008